Hungarian graduates who receive state grants will be forced to work in Hungary rather than abroad under controversial changes to the country's constitution that have prompted European Union warnings to respect human rights.
Hungary's governing Fidesz party used its two-thirds majority in parliament to push through the changes on Monday despite widespread opposition both in the former communist country and abroad.
Under the new amendments, graduates who receive state funding for their studies will have to pledge to work in Hungary for a number of years after graduation, while those who choose to work abroad will have to pay the money back.
Other changes include limits on the powers of Hungary's constitutional court, a prohibition on people sleeping rough, the restriction of political advertisements to state media, and the introduction of new regulations on family law.
The new legislation has exacerbated EU fears that Viktor Orban, the Hungarian prime minister, is using the vote to cement a grip on power that has already seen the government introduce controversial laws governing the media and the national bank.
The European Commission has warned Mr Orban that it will use the EU courts and its control over Brussels funding worth hundreds of millions of euro to uphold "fundamental values".
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